SA-239: Intermediate System Administration for the Solaris 9 OS
SA-200-S10: Intermediate System Administration for the Solaris 10 OS

Module 1, Introducing Solaris OE / 10 OS Directory Hierarchy

• Describe / (root) subdirectories

  /etc /dev /devices /var ...

• Describe file components

  directory - filename - inode - data

• Describe file types

  $ ls -l
  $ ls -l /devices/
  files directories soft links devices
  device major/minor numbers.
  $ mkdir
  

• Use hard links

  $ ln -s /path/to/filea /path/to/fileb       # make soft link
  
  $ ln /path/to/filea /path/to/fileb          # make hard link
  $ ls -i                                     # view inode numbers
  

Module 2, Managing Logical Disk Devices

• Describe the basic architecture of a disk

  platters, heads, cylinders, tracks, sectors
  slices (0-7)
  slice 2 (whole disk)
  c0t0d0s0 (controller 0, target 0, disk 0, slice 0)
  

• Describe the naming conventions for devices

  $ ls /dev/dsk               # logical device names
  $ ls -l /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0   # link to physical device name
  $ ls -l /devices/...        # physical device names
  instace names: sd0, dad0, hme0...
  $ more /etc/path_to_inst    # physical to instance correspondence
  

• List devices

  $ more /etc/path_to_inst    # physical and instance names
  $ prtconf | grep -v not     # view only attached devices
  $ prtconf -p                # view tree as PROM has seen during boot
  $ format                    # view only disk devices
  

• Reconfigure devices

  # touch /reconfigure        # next boot will reconfigure dev tree
  # init 5                    # poweroff (init 6 - reboot)
  
  # devfsadm                  # reconfigure on live system
  # devfsadm -c disk -c tape -c audio
  # devfsadm -i driver_name
  # devfsadm -i dad
  # devfsadm -v               # print changes
  # devfsadm -C               # clean unused links from /dev
  

• Perform hard disk partitioning

  VTOC (1-st sector, #0)
  Partition properties: No, Tag (boot root swap ...),
     Flag (r/w, mountable/not), Cylinders, Size, Blocks
  $ man format                # good understanding is adviced
  ~/.format.dat, /etc/format.dat
  

• Manage disk labels

  format> verify                  # view VTOC from format
  # prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0    # another way to see VTOC
  # prtvtod /dev/.... >xxx.dat    # save VTOC to file
  # fmthard -s xxx.dat /dev/...   # label with saved VTOC
  

• Describe the Solaris Management Console
• Partition a disk by using the Solaris Management Console

Module 3, Managing the Solaris OE / 10 OS File System

• Describe Solaris OS file systems

  Disk based FS: ufs, hsfs, psfs, usfs
  Distributed FS: nfs
  Pseudo FS: tmpfs, swapfs, fdfs, procfs, mntfs
  

• Create a new ufs file system

  VTOC (sector #0)
  bootblk (sectors #1-#15, all FS)
  Primary superblock (sectors #16-#31)
  Backup superblocks (sector #32 from cylinder group)
  Cylinder groups (from 16 cylinders)
  Cylinder group blocks
  Inodes, inode table
  Data blocks
  Fragmentation (for files less 96K)
  # newfs                         # frontend to mkfs
  # newfs /dev/rdsk/c1t1d1s0      # make new ufs FS
  # fstyp -v /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0 | head -10    # view minfree and other data
  # tunefs -m 1 /dev/rdsk/c1t3d0s0            # set minfree to 1%
  

• Check the file system by using the fsck command

  # fsck /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0           # check device
  # fsck /var                         # check device from /etc/vfstab
  # fsck -o f,p /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s5    # force (check anyway if clean) and preen (noninteractive, stop if errors)
  

• Resolve file system inconsistencies

  # fsck -o b=32 /dev/rdsk/c1t3d0s0   # check using backup superblock
  # newfs -N /dev/rdsk/...            # show where would be superblocks without really formatting partition
  

• Monitor file system use

  $ df [options] [/mountpoint]        # view usage/free space
  $ du [options] [/some/dir]          # view file size/usage
  # quot -af                          # view used space/files by users on all mounted FS
  # quot -f /dev/dsk/...              # view space/files by users
  

Module 4 Performing Mounts and Unmounts

• Identify mounting fundamentals

  $ df                                # display mounted filesystems
  $ /usr/bin/mount                    # display mounted filesystems
  $ cat /etc/mnttab                   # display mounted filesystems (this file is itself a filesystem)
  # /sbin/mount                       # boot scripts use this one
  $ cat /etc/vfstab                   # look what should be mounted on boot
      # /etc/mnttab & /var/run are NOT in vfstab
      # /dev/to/mount /dev/to/fsck  /mount/point fstype fsckpass  mountatboot mountoption
  

• Perform mounts

  # mount /dev/device /path/to/dir
  # mount /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s7 /export/home
  # mount /export/home                            # look device in vfstab
  # mount -o ro,nosuid,noatime,nolargefiles,logging /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s7 /export/home
  # mountall                                      # mount all filesystems in /etc/vfstab
  # mountall -l                                   # mount all local filesystems
  # fstyp /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s7                      # what is FS type?
  # mount -F hsfs -o ro /dev/dsk/c0t6d0s0 /cdrom  # mount cdrom high sierra fs
  # mount -F pcfs /dev/diskette /pcfs             # mount diskette
  

• Perform unmounts

  # umount
  # umount /export/home
  # umount /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s7
  # /usr/sbin/umountall           # all except / /usr /proc /dev/fd /var /var/run /tmp
  # umountall -l                  # all local ...
  
  # fuser -cu mount_point         # see what processes use filesystem
  # fuser -ck mount_point         # kill all processes that use filesystem
  # fuser -c mount_point          # verify that no other processes use filesystem
  # umount -f mount_point         # force umount
  
  ok boot cdrom -s                # boot from cdrom into singleuser mode
  # fsck /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0       # check root fs
  # mount /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0 /a    # mount disk root fs
  # export TERM=sun; vi /a/etc/vfstab # hack it
  # umount /a; init 6             # boot again
  

• Access mounted diskettes or CD-ROMs

  # /etc/init.d/volmgt            # start/stop volume manager
  $ cat /etc/vold.conf            # vold configuration
  
  

• Restrict access to a mounted diskette or CD-ROM

• Access a diskette or CD-ROM without Volume Management

• /etc/vfstab, mount, /etc/mnttab, mountall
• umount [-f], umountall, fuser
• boot cdrom -s
• vold, volcheck
• vold.conf, rmmount.conf

Module 5 Installing the Solaris™9 Operating Environment

• suninstall (cdrom) (+upgrade)
• Web Start (java, cdrom) (+upgrade)
• Jump Start (net, scripts)
• WebStart Flash (flasharchive copy)
• Live Upgrade
• packages, clusters, groups
• Core, End User, Developer, Entire Distribution, OEM
• grep METACLUSTER /var/sadm/system/admin/.clustertoc
• cat /var/sadm/system/admin/CLUSTER

Module 6 Performing Solaris 9 OE Package Administration

• /var/sadm/install/contents
• pkgadd, pkgrm, pkginfo, pkgchk
• /var/sadm/pkg/
• /var/spool/pkg/

Module 7 Managing Software Patches on the Solaris 9 OE

• showrev, patchadd [-d !!!], patchrm
• /var/sadm/patch
• install_cluster [-nosave]

Module 8 Executing BootPROM Commands

• prtdiag -v
• PROM, NVRAM (hostid, global MAC)
• POST, diag-switch?, Stop-N, Stop-D, Stop-A, /etc/default/kbd, kbd -i
• banner, boot, words, sifting, printenv, setenv, reset-all, set-defaults
• probe-{smth}, .version, test, .enet-addr, .idprom, .speed, .registers
• boot -s, boot -a, boot cdrom -s, boot -r, boot -v
• help
• boot-device disk net cdrom
• show-devs, show-nets, show-disks ....
• devalias
• nvalias, nvunalias, use-nvramrc
• eeprom
• Stop-A, ok sync

Module 9 Performing Boot and Shutdown Procedures

• 0,s/S,1,2,3,5,6
• who -r
• init
• phases
• boot PROM (POST, booblk, installboot)
• boot programs (ufsboot, genunix+unix, /platform/‘uname -m‘/kernel[/sparcv9])
• kernel initialization (/etc/system, modules /kernel, /usr/kernel/, /platform/`uname -m/i`/kernel)
• init (/etc/inittab, /sbin/rc?)
• /etc/rc?.d/[KS]*[.sh], /etc/init.d/
• init, shutdown, halt, reboot, poweroff
• SMF

Module 10 Performing User Administration

• passwd, shadow, group
• useradd, usermod, userdel, groupadd, groupmod, groupdel
• smuser, smgroup
• /etc/skel
• /etc/profile (sh,ksh,bash), /etc/.login (C), ~/.hushlogin
• ~/.profile, ~/.kshrc, ~/.cshrc
• export

Module 11 Performing System Security

• who, rusers/rpc.rusersd
• finger
• last, /var/adm/wtmpx
• /var/adm/loginlog
• su, /etc/default/su
• /etc/default/login
• /etc/ftpd/ftpusers
• /etc/hosts.equiv, ~/.rhosts
• /etc/group, groups, id
• chown, chgrp, chmod
• suid, sgid, sticky bit

Module 12 Configuring Printer Services

• /usr/share/lib/terminfo/, /usr/lib/lp/ /etc/lp/, /var/spool/lp/
• model/, postscript/, filter.table
• interfaces/, printers/
• in.lpd, lp, lpr, lpshced, lpadmin, lpstat, nsswitch.conf, printers.conf*
• /usr/sadm/admin/bin/printmgr
• classes
• accept, reject, enable, disable
• lpstat, /etc/init.d/lp

Module 13 Using Print Commands

• lp [-d [h:]p], lpr [-P [h:]p]
• accept, reject, enable, disable, lpmove

Module 14 Controlling System Processes

• prstat, nice, priocntl
• kill, pkill
• at, atq, /var/spool/cron/atjobs/, /etc/cron.d/at.[deny|allow]
• crontab, /var/spool/cron/crontabs, /etc/cron.d/cron.[deny|allow]

Module 15 Performing File System Backups

• /dev/rmt/{0123456789...}[lmhcu][n]
• mt [-f /dev/rmt/Xn] {status|rewind|offline|fsf XXX}
• ufsdump {X}S (determine size/nuber of tapes)
• /etc/dumpdates
• /usr/sbin/ufsdump {0..9}[v][S][l][o][u][n][f [host:]device] (/.rhosts)

Module 16 Performing File System Restores

• cd /fold/; ufsrestore [t][r][x/file1/file2][i][v][f/device]
• rm restoresymtable
• ufsrestore rf /dev/rmt/0
• (/usr) boot cdrom -s;newfs;mount;usfrestore;rm restoresymtable;umount;fsck;ufsdump;init 6
• (/) ... installboot /usr/platform/`uname -m`/lib/fs/ufs/bootblk /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0; ...
• ufsrestore ivf /dev/rmt/0, - ls, add <* | file1 file2...>, delete, marked, extract, q

Module 17 Backing Up a Mounted File System With a UFS Snapshot

• /usr/sbin/fssnap -F FSType -V -o special_option(s) mount-point | special
• fssnap -F ufs -o bs=/var/tmp /export/home
• ufsrestore rf /dev/rmt/0
• fssnap -i [mountpoint]
• mount -F ufs -o ro /dev/fssnap/0 /x; cd /x; tar cvf /dev/rmt/0 .
• ufsdump 0ufN /dev/rmt/0 /dev/rdsk/c0t1d0s0 /dev/rfssnap/0
• ufsrestore tf /dev/rmt/0
• fssnap -i [mountpoint]
• ufsdump {N}!!!
• fssnap -d; rm /back_store_file

SA-229: Advanced System Administration for the Solaris 10 OS
SA-202-S10: Advanced System Administration for the Solaris 10 OS

Module 1 Describing Interface Configuration

• ifconfig -a; banner; ifconfig up/down; ping; snoop;
• /etc/rcS.d/S30network.sh; /etc/hostname.XXX; /etc/inet/hosts
• /etc/nodename, /etc/hostname.XXX, /etc/inet/hosts, /etc/net/ticlts/hosts, /etc/net/ticots/hosts, /etc/net/ticotsord/hosts
• /usr/sbin/sys-unconfig

Module 2 Describing the Client-Server Model

• inetd, /etc/inet/inetd.conf, /etc/rc2.d/S72inetsvc, /etc/inet/protocols, /etc/inet/services
• rpcbind, /etc/rpc, /etc/inet/inetd.conf, rpcinfo [-s] [-p]

Module 3 Customizing the Solaris™ Management Console

• /etc/init.d/init.wbem, smc edit, /var/sadm/smc/toolboxes, smcregister

Module 4 Managing Swap Configuration

• /etc/vfstab, pagesize [-a], swap [-s] [-l] [-a /dev/dsk/...|file] [-d], mkfile

Module 5 Managing Crash Dumps and Core Files

• dumpadm, /etc/dumpadm.conf, savecore [-m]
• coreadm, /etc/coreadm.conf, coreadm -p core.%f.%p $$

Module 6 Configuring NFS

• /etc/dfs/: dfstab, sharetab, fstypes, /etc/rmtab, /etc/nfs/nfslog.conf, /etc/default/nfslogd, /etc/init.d/nfs.server, /etc/rc3.d/S15nfs.server
• mountd, nfsd, statd, lockd, nfslogd
• share, unshare, shareall, unshareall, dfsshares, dfmounts

Module 7 Configuring AutoFS

• Describe the fundamentals of the AutoFS file system
• Use automount maps

Module 7 Configuring AutoFS

• Describe the fundamentals of the AutoFS file system
• Use automount maps